The magnetic compass is the most familiar compass type. It functions as a pointer to "magnetic north", the local magnetic meridian because the magnetized needle at its heart aligns itself with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts a torque on the needle, pulling the North end or pole of the needle approximately toward the Earth's North magnetic pole, and pulling the other toward the Earth's South magnetic pole. The needle is mounted on a low-friction pivot point, in better compasses a jewel bearing, so it can turn easily. When the compass is held level, the needle turns until, after a few seconds to allow oscillations to die out, it settles into its equilibrium orientation.
In navigation, directions on maps are usually expressed with reference to geographical or true north, the direction toward the Geographical North Pole, the rotation axis of the Earth. Depending on where the compass is located on the surface of the Earth the angle between true north and magnetic north, called magnetic declination can vary widely with geographic location.
In SOLAS Regulation 19, paragraphs 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 and 2.2.1 lay down the requirements for all ships (excluding fishing vessels and pleasure craft under 150 gt) to be fitted with a magnetic compass or other means to determine and display the vessel’s heading independent of any power supply. They must also be fitted with a pelorus, or other means, to take bearings over an arc of 360° of the horizon and a means for correcting heading and bearings to true at all times.
Of course, these magnetic compass devices can have deviation as they age and must be maintained well and properly to work as intended, and repaired if any part is faulty. The professional personnel of our company can handle these operations.
